Hydrophilic:

This is salt, a hydrophilic substance. Hydrophilic refers to substances that interact with water through hydrogen bonding.

Hydrophobic:

This is oil, a hydrophobic substance. Hydrophobic relates to substances or materials that are insoluble in water; they repel it.

Stigma and Style of Carpel:

This is a flower, in the middle is the carpel which is made up of a style and stigma. The style and stigma are the reproductive units of a flower, the stigma is the area of a flower where pollen is deposited for fertilization and the style connects the ovaries in the carpel with the stigma.

C3 Plant:

This is Rice, a C3 plant. C3 Plants are those which first reduce carbon dioxide into 3 carbons before entering the Calvin Cycle. C3 plants are present where carbon dioxide levels are high and there is plenty of water available.

Amniotic Egg:

This is an egg laid by a chicken, an amniotic egg. Amniotic eggs have an embryo surrounded by amniotic fluid in an egg laid on land, characteristic of reptiles and birds.

Modified Root of a Plant:

Adaptation that occurs to ensure the plants survival in a particular environment. Here the modification took form as buttress roots, which allows the plant to pick up extra nutrients from poor soil- typically found in tropical rain forests. 

Frond:

The leaf of a fern or palm, a plant found in hot and humid soil